12.3). 9. Peribulbar anaesthesia is produced by inserting the needle in 2 to 4 quadrants of the eye and injecting lidocaine within the orbit but outside the ocular muscles. To obtain a recumbent, very lightly unconscious adult cow, the drug can be administered by drench or by stomach tube in doses of 30–60 g as a 1 in 20 solution in water. Time of administration of atipamezole to standing has been reported from 2 to 12 minutes. Which of the following is the most likely cause of dilated cardiomyopathy in an adult cat? A mature lactating dairy cow is being examined because of a sudden onset of anorexia, decreased milk production, decreased fecal production, and colic. The patient is placed in right lateral recumbency and the left lateral and ventral cervical area is clipped and an aseptic preparation performed. Prepare for the Veterinary Technician National Exam with these 50 review questions. These changes indicate that even in unsedated cattle, recumbency creates abnormalities of ventilation and perfusion that are not counterbalanced by normal compensatory mechanisms. In a study comparing the effects of xylazine in Holstein heifers under a thermoneutral condition compared with a hot environment (temperature approximately 33°C and relative humidity 63%), the time to standing was increased from 41 min to an average of 107 min during heat stress (Fayed et al., 1989). 31. Commonly expressed comments were that administration of analgesic drugs makes it safer to work with cattle, that the potency and duration of action of available drugs were considered very important, and that there is a shortage of analgesic drugs available that are both long acting and cost effective. 35. Withholding feed for 48 h has been determined to cause significant decreases in heart rates in cattle (Rumsey & Bond, 1976; McGuirk et al., 1990). The techniques described below will describe doses of lidocaine as this, with or without epinephrine, is the agent most commonly employed in cattle. 17. It is then redirected into the orbit just rostral to the orbitorotundum foramen at a depth of about 8–10 cm from the skin and 10–15 mL of 2% lidocaine solution injected. 12.2). Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? Antisialagogues are not of much use for they make the secretion more viscid in nature and do not significantly reduce its production. On physical examination, a 12-year-old male dog is found to have bilaterally symmetric alopecia, enlarged mammary glands, and a pendulous prepuce. Detomidine, 0.04 and 0.06 mg/kg, increases electrical activity of the bovine uterus (Vainio, 1988). It can be seen here It took a few days. Xylazine has been used as a sedative in cattle for a long time. An 8-week-old male Schnauzer dog has had episodes of vomiting or regurgitation for the past four weeks. However, bacterial contamination of the orbit is possible. (A) Determination of serum calcium concentration, (B) Determination of serum glucose concentration, (C) Determination of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, (D) Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Tracheal intubation is not always performed in all sedated or anaesthetized recumbent bovine animals and regurgitation does not always occur. The licensing of withdrawal periods is done by national agencies so that not only are the kinetics of individual drugs considered but also regional practices and requirements. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 58. Cattle may assume recumbency even at the lowest dose rates, although breed differences in sensitivity to xylazine have been reported. When the block is used for other purposes, care must be taken to ensure that the corneal surface does not become dry because of loss of tear formation for several hours. Which of the following is the best means to stop the hemorrhage? Administration of atipamezole, 0.1 mg/kg, IV 20 minutes after medetomidine satisfactorily reversed the sedation and the respiratory and cardiovascular effects, including hypoxaemia. (A) Inform the owner that the outbreak will subside spontaneously, (B) Prepare to vaccinate other flocks in the immediate area for infectious laryngotracheitis, (C) Report the disease outbreak to the state/provincial veterinarian immediately, (D) Treat the birds with a broad-spectrum antibiotic in the drinking water, (E) Withdraw feed immediately and replace with new feed. In one survey, cattle producers were less likely than veterinary practitioners to include analgesia when dehorning their calves, indicating a need for client education (Misch et al., 2007). Stop the hemorrhage mass in the lymph node and in a horizontal and caudal direction until it strikes coronoid. 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